Treatment of COVID-19 with convalescent plasma in patients with humoral immunodeficiency - Three consecutive cases and review of the literature.

Patients lacking humoral response have been suggested to develop a less severe COVID-19, but there are some reports with a prolonged, relapsing or deadly course. From April 2020, there is growing evidence on the benefits of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. Most of them had a congenital primary immunodeficiency or were on treatment with anti CD20 antibodies. We report on three patients treated in our hospital and review thirty-one more cases described in the literature. All patients but three resolved clinical picture with CCP. A dose from 200 to 800ml was enough in most cases. Antibody levels after transfusion were negative or low, suggesting consumption of them in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. These patients have a protracted clinical course shortened after CCP. CCP could be helpful for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. It avoid relapses and chronification. CCP should be transfused as early as possible in patients with COVID-19 and humoral immunodeficiency.

Treatment of COVID-19 with convalescent plasma in patients with humoral immunodeficiency – Three consecutive cases and review of the literature / Tratamiento de la COVID-19 con plasma de convalecientes en pacientes con inmunodeficiencia humoral. Tres casos consecutivos y revisión de la literatura

Patients lacking humoral response have been suggested to develop a less severe COVID-19, but there are some reports with a prolonged, relapsing or deadly course. From April 2020, there is growing evidence on the benefits of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. Most of them had a congenital primary immunodeficiency or were on treatment with anti CD20 antibodies. We report on three patients treated in our hospital and review thirty-one more cases described in the literature. All patients but three resolved clinical picture with CCP. A dose from 200 to 800ml was enough in most cases. Antibody levels after transfusion were negative or low, suggesting consumption of them in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. These patients have a protracted clinical course shortened after CCP. CCP could be helpful for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. It avoid relapses and chronification. CCP should be transfused as early as possible in patients with COVID-19 and humoral immunodeficiency.(AU)

Se ha sugerido que los pacientes carentes de respuesta inmune humoral desarrollan una forma menos severa de COVID-19, pero existen algunos casos de curso prolongado, recurrente o incluso mortal. Desde abril de 2020 existen evidencias de los beneficios del plasma de convalecientes de COVID-19 (PCC) en los pacientes con inmunodeficiencia humoral. La mayoría tienen una inmunodeficiencia congénita primaria o están recibiendo tratamiento con anticuerpos anti-CD20. Describimos tres pacientes con inmunodeficiencia humoral y COVID-19 tratados con PCC en nuestro centro y revisamos los 31 casos más descritos en la literatura. Todos resolvieron el cuadro clínico con PCC, salvo tres. Una dosis de 200-800 mL fue suficiente en la mayoría de los casos. Los niveles de anticuerpos tras la transfusión fueron negativos o bajos, sugiriendo el consumo de los mismos en la neutralización del SARS-CoV-2. Estos pacientes tienen un curso clínico prolongado que se acorta tras la administración del PCC. El PCC podría ser de utilidad en los pacientes con inmunodeficiencia humoral. Evita las recaídas y la cronificación de la COVID-19. El PCC debería transfundirse lo antes posible en los pacientes con COVID-19 e inmunodeficiencia humoral.(AU)

Treatment of COVID-19 with convalescent plasma in patients with humoral immunodeficiency - Three consecutive cases and review of the literature.

Patients lacking humoral response have been suggested to develop a less severe COVID-19, but there are some reports with a prolonged, relapsing or deadly course. From April 2020, there is growing evidence on the benefits of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. Most of them had a congenital primary immunodeficiency or were on treatment with anti CD20 antibodies. We report on three patients treated in our hospital and review thirty-one more cases described in the literature. All patients but three resolved clinical picture with CCP. A dose from 200 to 800ml was enough in most cases. Antibody levels after transfusion were negative or low, suggesting consumption of them in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. These patients have a protracted clinical course shortened after CCP. CCP could be helpful for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. It avoid relapses and chronification. CCP should be transfused as early as possible in patients with COVID-19 and humoral immunodeficiency.

Monoterapia con darunavir/cobicistat. Experiencia en un hospital de tercer nivel / Darunavir/cobicistat monotherapy. Experience in a tertiary hospital

Introducción. La monoterapia con inhibidores de la proteasa potenciados con ritonavir (IP/r): darunavir (DRV/r) o lopinavir (LPV/r), sólo está contemplada en las principales guías de tratamiento en pacientes pretratados para evitar toxicidad asociada a inhibidores de transcriptasa inversa análogos de nucleósidos/nucleótidos (ITIAN), reducir costes y simplificar el tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR). Para iniciar una monoterapia basada en IP/r según las guías GESIDA del año 2016, es necesario que el paciente cumpla los siguientes criterios: ausencia de hepatitis crónica B, carga viral plasmática (CVP) (<50 copias/ mL) durante al menos 6 meses y ausencia de mutaciones en el gen de la proteasa o fracasos virológicos (FV) previos a IP/r. Actualmente no hay estudios que evalúen la eficacia y seguridad de una monoterapia con darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/COBI). Material y Métodos. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes VIH pretratados con DRV/r en monoterapia que cambiaron a una monoterapia con DRV/ COBI. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es describir la efectividad y seguridad de la monoterapia con DRV/COBI. Resultados. Se estudiaron 78 pacientes. Los pacientes tuvieron una mediana de 31,29 (6-74,82) meses de monoterapia con DRV/r previo al cambio a DRV/COBI en monoterapia. Nueve de los 78 pacientes desarrollaron 'blips' (CVP: 50-200 copias/ml) y cuatro pacientes tuvieron CVP≥ 200 copias/mL. Un 83,3% (65/78) se mantuvieron con CVP indetectable. En cuanto a la seguridad, no hubo diferencias importantes en el perfil lipídico, función hepática (transaminasas) y función renal entre DRV/r y DRV/COBI en monoterapia. Conclusiones. DRV/COBI en monoterapia, parece ser efectivo y seguro (perfil lipídico, hepático y renal). Sin embargo, deberían diseñarse estudios específicos que comparasen DRV/r vs. DRV/COBI en monoterapia para comprobar estos resultados (AU)

Introduction. Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (IP/r) monotherapy: darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy is only provided in the major treatment guidelines in pretreated patients to prevent toxicity associated with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), reduce costs and simplify antiretroviral treatment. To start IP/r monotherapy, according to GESIDA guidelines 2016, patients need to meet the following criteria: absence of chronic hepatitis B, plasma viral load <50 copies/ mL for at least 6 months and absence of protease inhibitors mutations or previous virologic failures to IP/r. Currently, there are no studies that evaluate the efficacy and safety of darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/COBI) monotherapy. Methods. This prospective study analyzed pretreated HIV patients with DRV/r monotherapy that were switched to DRV/ COBI monotherapy. The aim of the study is to describe the effectiveness and safety of the DRV/COBI monotherapy. Results. Seventy-eight patients were evaluated. Patients had a median of 31.29 months of DRV/r monotherapy before DRV/COBI monotherapy. Nine of the 78 patients developed 'blips' (plasma viral load: 50-200 copies/ml) and four patients had plasma viral load ≥200 copies/mL. An 83.3% (65/78) of the patients remained with undetectable plasma viral load. As for safety, there were no significant differences in lipid profile, liver function (transaminases) and renal function between DRV/r and DRV/COBI monotherapy. Conclusions. DRV/COBI monotherapy seems to be effective and safe (lipid profile, liver and kidney function). However, it would be necessary to design specific studies comparing DRV/r vs DRV/COBI monotherapy to confirm these results (AU)